Types of Driven Piles

Types of Driven Piles

  1. Steel Piles
  2. Precast concrete piles
  3. Timber Piles
  4. Composite Piles

Let’s discuss each of the driven piles separately.

Steel Driven Piles Foundations

There are different types of driven piles constructed from steel. Since steel is readily available, construction can be done quite easily.

Further, steel piles such as micro piles can be used to support heavy loads applied from bridges and other types can be used to support medium-level loads.

The main issue with steel-driven piles is corrosion. However, they are placed below ground level. Therefore, the presence of oxygen for corrosion is minimal.

Pipe piles are employed to behave as friction or end-bearing piles. These piles are seamless steel pipes that are formed by welding. The driving of these piles can be carried out with the help of an open or a close-ended bottom. Hence, we have:

Open End Piles

Closed-End Piles

Open End Pipe Piles

These type of pipe piles is mostly used to penetrate a hard or a rock stratum. These piles after driving are sunk into the soil. The soil that is within the steel pipe is removed using compressed air or using a water jetting process. After driving the steel pipe to the required depth, the steel pipe is filled with concrete of standard specification.

Closed-End Piles

In this type of pipe pile, a conical element either made of steel or cast iron is attached to the open bottom using welding. This is the conical shoe. Once the pipe is driven into the soil, the pipe is filled with an adequate amount of concrete. The diameter of the pipe piles used can vary from 0.25m to 1.2m. The thickness of these pipe piles varies from 8 to 12mm. For pile foundations, greater than 30 inches, this type of pile works best.

Precast Concrete Driven Pile Foundations

Driven precast concrete piles are constructed by hammering the piles into the soil to a depth greater than 40m with an adjustable hydraulic or diesel hammer. Driven precast concrete piles are widely used for their versatility and suitability for most ground conditions. These piles can be used for the foundation of all types of engineering structures under nearly every soil condition.

Driven precast concrete piles are particularly suited where the founding stratum is overlain by soft deposits and aggressive or contaminated soils. Piles are manufactured in factories under high-quality control, and consist of segmental lengths of reinforced concrete sections of lengths between 3m and 15m with required or standard cross-section.

Timber Piles

A timber pile is a trunk of a tree, trimmed of branches. A timber pile is usually designed for a maximum load of 15 to 25 tons/pile. Additional strength can be obtained by bolting fish plates to their side. These piles last for about 30 years. The breadth of these piles ranges from 12 to 16 inches.

These piles can be used as a foundation for structures with moderate load and as a foundation for temporary structures.

The bottom diameter would be in the range of 300-500mm

The top diameter could be in the range of 125 – 250mm

 Generally, piles are available in the length range of 9000mm – 18000mm

The pile can bear the applied loads and driving forces. However, it is vulnerable if hard driving is done

Timber piles are vulnerable to deterioration

The following figure taken from the book Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowels indicates the necessary arrangements to be made in a driven timber pile.

Composite Piles

Composite piles started using about 60 years ago. The main purpose of composite piles was to construct relatively longer piles economically.

Different materials are used to construct composite piles. Further, the selection of the material shall be done to suit the conditions. The following combination could be expected.

 The timber pile is embedded below the existing ground level and above the existing ground level (up to the top-level) to be constructed from concrete.

Concrete-filled steel pipe or H iron was placed lower part of the pile and the upper section was constructed from concrete.

Design Precast Piles (Driven Pile Design)

The design of precast piles needs to address two issues.

The pile shall be designed to carry the loads from the superstructure

Piles shall be designed and detailed to carry the impulsive load applied during the driving

The structural design and geotechnical design of driven piles for superstructure loads could be done following the same procedures discussed in the article pile foundations.

Special detailing techniques shall be adopted to the pile to carry the forces generated in the pile driving process. There are unique details for precast piles.

The following figure taken from the book Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowels indicates the typical arrangement of a precast pile.

As indicated in the above drawings, the top and bottom area of the pile is confined by reducing the spacing of the links. It allows the plie to bear the higher loads.

As discussed previously, the prestress pile was also used in the construction. The following drawings indicate the typical arrangement of a prestressed driven pile. Especially attention shall be made to the construction of a pile of this nature.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What Is Pit Toilet?

What Is Pit Toilet? Pit bathrooms are sanitary tools that holds the on-site waste. They have a hole gap that is sealed or reinforced to keep the human waste. You may additionally be capable to use a pit loo for 10-30 years. However, different matters can have an effect on its lifespan—for instance, the way it used to be constructed and the frequency with which it used to be used. Typically, a pit bathroom is evacuated or buried after it’s used for at most 5 years. Sometimes, pit bogs are used solely for social or household purposes. They are regularly designed to have top of the line temperature and humidity. Some pit bathrooms have vents to enhance the air quality. Primarily, it collects human waste and prevents the surroundings and human beings from being uncovered to dangerous pathogens. It can't be used to manipulate the variety of pathogens humans are uncovered to. However, a pit bathroom can notably have an effect on the capability to kill pathogens. When you set up a pit t...
Read more

Pit Toilet Vs Vault Toilet

  Pit Toilet Vs Vault Toilet A pit toilet , additionally recognised as a pit latrine, makes use of a gap in the floor as a vault loo does. However, the waste from a vault lavatory is deposited into a concrete tank, whereas the waste from a pit rest room is deposited into an unlined gap underneath the soil. If your waste scenario is minimal, then a pit rest room is higher than a vaulted toilet. A single character or small household may dig a pit latrine for brief use whilst constructing a suited lavatory facility. Vault toilet can accommodate a massive quantity of waste, however it’s poisonous to the surroundings and can't accumulate in an open pit like waste from pit latrines. The waste from a pit rest room will decompose into the earth over time and consequently does no longer want emptying. Because of this, it is hard to maintain flies away from pit latrines. The lifespan of a pit loo is about five years, as the gap fills with waste over time. After that , you can pass your pit ...
Read more

What Is Vault Toilet?

What Is Vault Toilet? A vault rest room is a everlasting Waterless Bathroom that sits above a vault or “pit” that is serviced by way of a waste administration company. Vault restrooms do now not require plumbing or electrical energy however want car get admission to to carrier them. Because vault loos are waterless, they’re non-flush and keep waste in a massive hermetic underground container, a.k.a. the vault. Hence the name, vault toilet. Vacuum pumping vehicles pump out the vault and transport it’s waste to a administration facility. Vault loos are typically constructed in areas the place water isn’t effortlessly handy like parks and campgrounds. Vault loos are additionally referred to as tenting bogs due to the fact they usually constructed on campgrounds. Pit toilets , composting toilets, port-a-potties, and bag loos are different types of waterless toilets. They usually made as single or double vault structures and characteristic unisex toilets. They can be made from timber frame...
Read more